多晶硅真空定向凝固系统的结构特性优化研究

采用非稳态集中参数法分别计算了沿轴向和径向增加装料量对多晶硅定向凝固过程中加热时间的影响,并通过数值模拟对比分析了多晶硅定向凝固过程中晶体生长时的温度场、熔体流动、固-液界面形状和应力大小及分布等情况。并对装料沿径向增加以提高单炉生产率的方案提出了添加硅料表面上加热器的优化措施,不仅可以显著缩短加热时间,还能减小硅料的径向温度梯度,调节固-液界面形状。这将为大型化多晶硅真空定向凝固设备的优化设计与开发利用提供理论基础。     

Numerical and physical requirements to simulation of gas release and dispersion in an enclosure with one vent

Numerical and physical requirements to simulations of sub-sonic release and dispersion of light gas in an enclosure with one vent are described and discussed. Six validation experiments performed at CEA in a fuel cell-like enclosure of sizes H × W × L = 126 × 93 × 93 cm with one vent, either W × H = 90 × 18 cm (vent A) or 18 × 18 cm (B) or 1 cm in diameter (C), with a vertical upward helium release from a pipe of internal diameter either 5 mm or 20 mm located 21 cm above the floor centre, were used in a parametric study comprising 17 numerical simulations. Three CFD models were applied, i.e. laminar, standard k-?, and dynamic LES Smagorinsky–Lilly, to clarify a range of their applicability and performance. The LES model consistently demonstrated the best performance in reproduction of measured concentrations throughout the whole range of experimental conditions, including laminar, transitional and turbulent releases even with large CFL numbers. The laminar and the standard k-? models were under performing in the reproduction of turbulent and laminar releases respectively, as expected, as well as in simulation of transitional flows. The laminar model demonstrated high sensitivity to the CFL (Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy) number even below the best practices limit of 40. Three different computational domains and grids were used in order to clarify the influence of mesh quality on the capability of simulations to reproduce the experimental data. It is concluded that physically substantiated choice of CFD model, the control of the CFL number (and released gas mass balance where appropriate), and the mesh quality can have a strong effect on the capability of simulations to reproduce experiments and, in general, on the reliability of CFD tools for application in hydrogen safety engineering.     

Compatibility of the Support System Consisting of Yielding Elements and Shotcrete Lining in Highly Faulted Grounds

The design procedure is made for a mine shaft where permanent underground facilities are interconnected. The highly faulted grounds were identified using empirical and semi-empirical theories. Furthermore, the behavior types are presented. This paper presents excavation and support methods in such ground conditions and the calculations results show that the installation of the yielding elements have an effect on support elements and prevent shotcrete damage during the curing stage. Different numerical analyses carried out showed that, with the yielding elements installed, the total displacements increase but the final axial force reduces, and therefore, the characteristic compressive strength of shotcrete is not exceeded. The calculation results of ground loads and displacements on the designed support system are presented with a 3D numerical geo-mechanical model adopted for highly faulted ground surrounding deeper complex underground structures.     

Reprint of “Pharmacokinetic modelling of the anti-malarial drug artesunate and its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin”

A four compartment mechanistic mathematical model is developed for the pharmacokinetics of the commonly used anti-malarial drug artesunate and its principle metabolite dihydroartemisinin following oral administration of artesunate. The model is structurally unidentifiable unless additional constraints are imposed. Combinations of mechanistically derived constraints are considered to assess their effects on structural identifiability and on model fits. Certain combinations of the constraints give rise to locally or globally identifiable model structures.     

箱形截面柱剪力键式全螺栓连接受力性能研究

为了解决传统箱形截面柱法兰连接节点对结构空间占用的问题，提出了一种箱形截面柱剪力键式全螺栓连接节点，并对2个全螺栓连接箱形截面柱和1个整体式箱形截面柱进行拟静力试验研究。观察了全螺栓连接箱形截面柱的破坏现象，分析了全螺栓连接箱形柱的滞回性能、承载力、刚度退化、延性以及耗能能力等受力特性。结果表明：整体式箱形截面柱和剪力键式全螺栓连接箱形截面柱均发生塑性铰破坏；滞回曲线饱满，具有良好耗能能力；剪力键和水平单向螺栓的设置可使全螺栓连接箱形截面柱承载力提高24.64%,竖向高强螺栓拉力降低29.44%;节点处钢连接件的设置约束了箱形截面柱的屈曲变形，与整体式箱形截面柱相比，全螺栓连接箱形截面柱的位移延性系数提高了26.47%;钢连接件间无滑移，剪力键式全螺栓连接节点连接可靠。通过剪力键式全螺栓连接节点与刚接节点有限元分析结果对比，表明在工程应用中箱形截面柱剪力键式全螺栓连接节点可等效刚接。采用GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》对箱形截面柱剪力键式全螺栓连接节点进行承载力验算，计算结果与试验结果吻合。     

地铁浅埋暗挖隧道管棚预支护数值模拟

浅埋暗挖隧道的开挖及支护方式对其周围地层的影响是三维空间问题,文中通过采用拉格朗日有限差分软件数值模拟管棚预支护对地层沉降的影响,对不同施工阶段下的地层位移、地表变形及管棚、初期支护的受力进行分析。结果表明,使用管棚预支护有效减少了地层在施工过程中的变形,将沉降值控制在允许范围。     

Assessment of Applicability of Two-Fluid Model Code ACE-3D to Heat Transfer Test of Supercritical Water Flowing in an Annular Channel

A supercritical-water-cooled reactor (SCWR) is a high-temperature, high-pressure water cooled reactor that operates above the critical pressure of water. In order to perform efficiently the thermal design of the SCWR, it is important to assess the thermal hydraulics in rod bundles of the core. Experimental conditions of mockup tests, however, may be limited because of technical and financial reasons. Therefore, it is required to establish an analytical design technique that can extrapolate experimental data to various design conditions of the reactor. Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has improved the three-dimensional two-fluid model analysis code ACE-3D, which was originally developed for the two-phase flow thermal hydraulics of light water reactors, to handle the thermal hydraulic properties of water in the supercritical region. In the present study, heat transfer experiments of supercritical water flowing in a vertical annular channel around a heater pin, which were performed at JAEA, were analyzed with the improved ACE-3D to assess the prediction performance of the code. As a result, it was implied that the ACE-3D code is applicable to the prediction of wall temperatures of a single rod that simulates the fuel bundle geometry of the SCWR core.     

Re-entrant lines with unreliable asynchronous machines and finite buffers: performance approximation and bottleneck identification

In this paper we study a re-entrant line with unreliable asynchronous exponential machines and finite buffers. First, an approximation method is presented to estimate the throughput of the re-entrant line. The idea of the approximation is to transform an M-machine re-entrant line into a 2M-machine serial line. Then, a system approach to identify a c-bottleneck based on blockage and starvation information is proposed, where a c-bottleneck machine is the machine whose improvement in machine capacity leads to the largest improvement in system throughput compared with improving all other machines. It is shown that the approximation method results in acceptable accuracy, and the bottleneck identification method can correctly detect the bottlenecks in most cases.     

基于CFD方法的非能动余热排出系统数值模拟

本文应用FLUENT软件对APl000的非能动余热排出热交换器和换料水箱进行了数值模拟，分析了不同c型传热管数量和冷却剂入口温度对热交换器换热性能和换料水箱内热分层、自然循环现象的影响。分析表明，总体通流面积不变，随着传热管数量增加，热交换器出口温度变小，水箱水温整体提升，热分层现象显著，自然循环趋势明显；质量流量不变，随着冷却剂入口温度的增加，入口流速增加，热交换器出口温度变大，但降温幅度也变大，水箱平均水温升高，热分层范围扩大，自然循环流速加快。